2008 Garden Plans

Garden Sketch

Not shown in the sketch is a 1.5 meter high hedge on the N, E and S sides. Lined out areas are structures or permanent paths. Garden is roughly 19 x 15 meters, and each square represents about 50cm.

Background

If you go back a few hundred years this part of Amsterdam was a peat bog, probably either under water or regularly flooded. A system of dikes and canals were built to drain the land, which then caused another problem, the land sank probably a few meters further below sea level.

No one in the garden complex seems to know the exact history of our land, but apparently within the last few decades, they decided the land was too low. First a layer of plastic was put down over the peat, then about 1.5 meters of coarse sand (almost gravel), then about 50cm of fine sand. The water level was allowed to rise again, roughly to the middle of the fine sand layer. At some point organic material like compost was also added to the top sand layer, but it’s still mostly sand. This is what the garden complex is built on.

Community gardens still get a little bit of government subsidy, which among other things means the government owns the land and gets to relocate us whenever it wants to the most convenient land available. About 6 years ago this garden complex was moved from another location to where it is now. I’m sure within several more years, we will be moved again. I think I’m only the second person to use this piece of land as a garden. Before that it was just undeveloped urban space, perhaps part of a park.

The gentleman who used the garden before was an elderly man who reportedly decided one day gardening was no longer fun and abruptly stopped. It was possible to see in the garden a spot being weeded, then suddenly abandoned. The plants left behind in the garden included lots and lots of weeds, a few garden center purchased flowers and a few store bought packages of vegetable seeds growing in a couple of places, garlic in one spot, two well constructed support structures of runner beans, a cold frame with pepper plants, a cold frame with strawberries, and tomatoes and cucumbers in the greenhouse.

Among the more interesting plants were a few artichoke plants, a nice collection of chrysanthemums, a large red currant bush and 13 fruit trees.

He was particularly fond of cole plants, because they could be found everywhere in the garden, mostly broccoli and cabbage, just a few tucked into every corner. There is no indication he used any sort of system of rotation for the plants. I’ve heard from some of the others the previous gardener used a garden tiller, and the ground was nice and loose. It was pretty easy to pull up most of the weeds by hand (only a few days work). I’m told the seeds from the weeds will stay in the ground for about 2 years.

Together with the greenhouse and cold frames there was a shed and a semi-sheltered patio area. There is also a network of solidly constructed paths going through the garden. The total area is 300m2 (about 3000 ft2), but roughly 2/3 of this is taken up by all these structures and paths or shaded by the trees. One of the fruit trees in particular, a plum tree, is very large and right in the middle of the garden.

The fruit trees were all planted too close together, and at least half will need to be removed within a few years. I think that was the intention when they were planted, and I think this was a fine way to do it. I would rather have old varieties of fruit trees, and most of the trees are in the wrong part of the garden anyway, so I will probably remove all of the fruit trees over time if I keep the garden that long.

The previous owner was also a packrat and a scavenger, and left a huge amount of trash behind. The cold frames and sheltered patio were all made from old recycled house windows, and several of the windows have since broken, leaving shards of broken glass in the garden. Almost all of the ties, supports, plant labels and so on were made from non-biodegradable materials, and many were left behind in the dirt. It’s been a lot of work to clean all of this up, and there’s still a lot more work to be done.

I’m determined to emphasize biodegradable materials, so I don’t leave behind the same problem for the next gardener.

He also seems to have not completely grasped the concept of composting. He left several full composting containers, but these too have lots of plastic and metal in them, I guess he used them for trash sometimes together with his garden waste. They also have a very high content of sand, suggesting he mixed in a lot of garden soil.

I see this with the other gardeners in the complex (and in fact with other people all over the country), they don’t seem to understand what the difference between compost, trash and manure is. Many of my fellow gardeners dig a hole in the ground and bury their garden waste as an alternative to composting, and often complain bitterly at how inconvenient this is. There has apparently been some talk over having a community compost pile, so that others could use the unwanted compost, but these discussions got bogged down with fears of contaminating ground water or other environmental damage. As an alternative to a community compost pile, they frequently order truck loads of compost made from collected household waste, something they can apparently get at little or no cost. Only a few of the gardens in the complex have their own compost pile.

Goals for 2008

Since I only have a little bit of information on what crops were previously grown and their locations, it’s not possible to continue on with any kind of rotation strategy that might have previously existed. The intention will be to try to plant things in a way that I can easily turn into a future rotation strategy.

Making use of a companion planting guide I’ve found on the Internet (thank you Cass County, ND), I have created a few groups of compatible plants for rotation purposes.

There are currently five distinct large plant beds, all roughly 20 to 25m2, and a few smaller places where it’s possible to put a few plants. I will make a sixth bed in 2008. Here are the rough plans for the greenhouse and each of the six beds.

Greenhouse: Tomatoes

Bed 1: Currently planted with garlic and the artichokes. There is a little space around the edges, perhaps also between some rows, and I will use this for some plants that go well with garlic like tomatillos, ground cherries, peppers, swiss chard, beets, carrots, celeriac and good king henry, as space allows and perhaps with a late planting close to or after the garlic harvest. After this year, this bed will be used for asparagus, other perennials, and biennials I am saving seeds from.

Bed 2: Also currently planted with garlic and to be used for planting some of the same plants as bed 1 as space allows. After this year, this bed will be used for other crops in a rotation scheme yet to be determined. Perhaps I will plant winter rye as a cover crop.

Bed 3: This bed is empty, but will be used for a variety of Andean and other tubers. These tubers include jerusalem artichoke, mashua (añu), jacón, oca and ulluco. This bed also is partly shaded, a problem likely to be made worse with the jerusalem artichoke and perhaps some of the other tubers, so I will try to put some things like lettuce and strawberries in the shadier spots. I also want to use some of the space here to grow asparagus crowns from seed for planting in the perennial bed in 2009. If there is any extra space, I will try planting some beans to fix some nitrogen. This bed will be used for future crop rotation, to be determined. The jerusalem artichoke will probably naturalize and remain. In the fall I will probably plant fava beans and white clover here, and use the bed for garlic in 2009.

Bed 4: This bed is empty now, but will be used for OP variety of sweet corn, Double Standard, from the Real Seed Catalogue in the UK. Between the rows of corn, I will try to plant some things like amaranth, quinoa, peas, beans, squash, cucumbers and melon, as space allows. After the first frost, this bed will be cleared and planted with garlic.

Bed 5: This bed may have some shading problems from the fruit trees, I’m not completely sure about this yet. Anyway, I will use this for brassicas (cole plants) and potatoes. I hope to use this for garlic in 2009.

Bed 6: (doesn’t exist yet): I will create at least one new bed this summer, by combining a few of the smaller planting spaces, together with removing the patio and some paths. I’ll also need to remove or move the red current bush. This will be planted with garlic in the fall.

In the future one or two more beds can be created if I remove more paths, the cold frames and the large plum tree in the middle of the garden. I haven’t made a decision about these yet.

One of the intentions for 2008 is to simply plant a lot of different things, and see what grows in the garden without worrying if they all do well. I also expect to collect some plants through trades.

I have already learned birds are a problem, and I will have to put up some netting. I hope to find out what other animal pests and diseases are a problem, and understand the local ecosystem better.

Long Term Goals and Plans

If in 2008 I discover a number of plants that seem to grow well, I may do some expanded plantings of different varieties of these plants in 2009 and beyond.

Of course the long term goal is to establish a system of rotation that works well with the plants I want to grow and the local ecosystem. For those of you who have read the book One Straw Revolution, Ruth Stout or any number of other natural/organic/no-till gardening philosophies, I hope it will be along those lines. In particular, I will be trying to look at how the entire garden works together, and not just addressing one problem at a time as they come up.

As much as possible, I will be pursuing permaculture principles, and carefully managing inputs and outputs.

At the same time, the area is not a very natural environment, being reclaimed land with plastic and sand piled on top and next to a city, and it may be hard to establish a working ecosystem in my garden. I have to be a little realistic about this, if there are compromises or interim measures that have to be made. For example, I have a lot of compost remaining from my previous garden I’m bringing to the new one in order to get a good start. There are other things some people may find not natural I do while I try to get things started.

There are also many reasons I may choose to move on to another gardening space. The city may relocate the gardening complex, I may just not like my neighbors, or perhaps I will find a more convenient location. I also know that I am planting too much garlic to fit into a long term rotation scheme, so after three or four years I may need to either stop growing garlic or move to another garden. I can’t afford to become too committed to this particular garden, and I may cut some corners for example in rotation practices or other ways as long as it doesn’t leave problems behind for the next gardener, knowing I won’t stay so it won’t matter.

I might also stay a long time, and I plan to do some things like make an asparagus bed and plant some more fruit trees that I can enjoy if I do end up staying a while.

In the end the goal is to enjoy myself, and grow as much of my own food as I can reasonably manage. I also hope to do a lot of my own plant breeding.

11 Replies to “2008 Garden Plans”

  1. Nice post! Very interesting reading about the past gardener, and your future plans…
    makes me think a lot about footprints we leave (and the methods we use to make the footprints!)

    don’t know if this is any help to you, but I tried planting squash and beans along with my corn (the three sisters plan). My experience was that the beans did not do well at all (they were shaded and crowded out by the squash) …the corn and the squash did ok, but it was tough to get in and harvest the corn without bothering the squash vines too much!

  2. Three sisters is hard! The last time I tried it was a few years ago. The beans I had were mislabeled and really a bush (dwarf french) variety, so they didn’t do any climbing. The slugs got my squash within a few weeks. My corn was late season, there weren’t enough warm days for it to mature, and it only grew about a foot tall (30cm) anyway.

    Other people have told me of similar experiences. It takes some practice to get working right.

    The next time I try three sisters will be with varieties I know for sure will work in my garden and I have some experience growing.

    Thanks for the warning about not being able to get into the squash vines. I’ll make sure I leave some space for that.

  3. Plastic, sand, glass, more plastic & lots of other trash, plus all the weed seeds: what an inheritance!

    Our present garden had lots of these treasures to when we bought this house in 1993; I dug up & removed as much rubbish as possible, in an archaeological spirit 🙂

    I even found a chips packet with the perfectlly legible expiry date on it: 1972!

    One warning about the seeds: some will remain viable for decades – especially if you dig: one more reason to embrace Stout & Fukuoka!

    3 sisters: try combining some bushy squashes, dry climbing (or runner) beans & a tall corn type (started indoors).

  4. What an exciting time this is for you Patrick! I’m very pleased for you that you have a proper space to work with, even if it’s involving a lot of hard work at the moment. Hopefully it will reward you for your efforts soon enough.

    Rebsie

  5. Patrick,
    Good luck in 2008 – I’ll wait with interest to read how you get on and I too will be starting a new patch (although keeping the alloment which is up and running). It’s always a bit daunting starting out – there’s a lot of hard work to begin with and diligent weeding!
    I too have tried the three sisters – but never had much luck!I think we don’t have enough heat here to get the corn off to a head start; my beans get nothing to climb on and it’s touch and go as to whether outdoor sqaushes will ripen!

  6. Exciting! Your new garden is enormous. (About 50×70 feet.) How great. It will certainly keep you busy. I am amused at your description of composting at the site. I am very much looking forward to being assigned my own community plot on April 1. I expect it will be about 1/4 the size of yours. I look forward to seeing what beds, trash, structures, plants and weeds I will inherit.

  7. I like your optomism >I’m told the seeds from the weeds will stay in the ground for about 2 years.< more like 7 and worse Lieven could be right with decades. Heavy straw mulching works for me to help keep weeds down and just hoeing them off weekly as soon as they appear.
    Re 3 sisters i found i need to start the corn first then plant it out at about 45-50cm x 45-50cm when about 1 foot tall then sow the squash in place(1 squash between every 4 corn in a 5 shape) and beans in rows between corn. A climbing shelling bean worked best for me because it is left in place until the end of summer. I didn’t have a problem harvesting the corn but left the stalks for the beans to keep growing. The down side is I still think the bean crop is weaker than if grown alone but the corn & squash seem to do well. Last year i just grew the corn and squash together.
    P.S i gave this lot a load of sheep manure

  8. Thanks everyone for the comments and the words of encouragement. Perhaps I’ll give 3 sisters a try on part of the corn.

    Also, as far as the weeds go, there was one weed in particular that had covered the plot and spread it’s seeds all over. I think when my fellow gardener was talking about 2 years, he was referring to that one weed. I don’t know the name of the weed, it’s probably very common. Sometime I’ll post a picture of it and ask for advice. Maybe I’ll get lucky and find out it’s edible!

    I’m sure the seeds for other things like nettles and thistles will stay in the ground for decades, like everyone just said. Fortunately those weren’t too bad.

  9. Patrick,

    You always have some well considered and detailed plans. I’m thinking perhaps you are an engineer?

    Like you, I’m putting together my plan for the year. I believe that unless I start planting plants on top of each other I’ll also be digging some new beds.

    –Robin (Bumblebee)

  10. Patrick, I can understand your excitment, I’m also starting a vegetable garden, of about the same size, from scratch . Plus, it’s my first vegetable garden so everything is new for me.Thank you for the companion planting site, I was looking for something like that for a long time (If I had it before I wouldn’t have planted as a first experiment peas and garlic 😉 )

Leave a Reply

Anonymous comments are welcome, but it's still nice if you leave a name so we have something to call you. Name, Email and Website fields are all optional.

Pretty much anything goes except spam, off-topic comments and attempts to intimidate others. Very short comments that don't show creative thought, or contribute significantly to the discussion, may be considered spam.

Most comments are automatically approved. If you don't see your comment within 24 hours please get in touch.

Cookies must be enabled in your browser to leave a comment, because we use them to verify you aren't a robot.