World sugar consumption has tripled in the last 50 years!

Well first of all the world population has more than doubled in that time, so this accounts for most of it.  Beyond this one of the things Michael Pollan pointed out in his book Omnivore’s Dilemma is during the time high fructose corn syrup was introduced into US soft drinks, America’s consumption of ordinary sugar stayed nearly constant.  In other words, the HFCS was just more sugar added on top of existing consumption, and HFCS probably doesn’t satisfy an appetite for real sugar.

Considering an increase of all sweeteners together is misleading.  If you only consider per capita consumption of ordinary sugar, you aren’t likely to see a meaningful increase over the last 50 years.

Not only is a modest amount of ordinary sugar a relatively safe and constructive part of a balanced diet, but it’s an appetite suppressant and trying to eliminate or reduce it will almost certainly lead to the overconsumption of other foods.  It’s known for example that people who drink sugar-free soft drinks are statistically heavier than those who drink the sugared version, and this could be one reason.

Just Like Europe

It’s true a few countries in Europe have special taxes for soft drinks, but as far as I know this is not a tax on sugar.  In particular drinks containing aspartame are not exempt from these taxes.

In Europe it’s more common to drink soft drinks in restaurants, who often depend on sales of drinks for a large part of their profits.  It’s less common to drink soft drinks at home, and there are very few people who depend on soft drinks as part of their grocery shopping.  Taxing soft drinks is more a way to tax eating out at a restaurant than anything else.  Soft drinks are also usually an imported product, and by taxing them it encourages the consumption of local products like beers and wines.

In the US many people who consume large amounts of soft drinks live in the so-called food deserts of inner cities, with limited access to healthier alternatives.  A sugar tax would only serve to raise the grocery bill of these people.  A sugar tax in the US would be a disproportionate tax on the poor.

More Profit in Sugar Alternatives

The problem is while sugar is a commodity crop, and relatively speaking expensive to transport, process and store, as well as subject to swings in price depending on availability, the alternatives like HFCS and aspartame are not.  These alternatives are patented, cheap to manufacture and represent huge profits for the companies that sell them and own the associated intellectual property rights.

Calories

The argument is sugar ‘and other sweeteners’ contain too many calories, making it ‘better’ to consume an artificial sweetener like aspartame.  In fact there is not a single shred of credible evidence to suggest any link between the number of calories you consume and health.  Calories are a very old unit of measure determined by literally burning food and seeing how much heat is given off.  Your body does not metabolize food this way, and you can’t make any comparisons.

It’s true, there are low calorie diets which help people lose weight, but in nearly all cases the diets cannot be sustained and the weight returns after ending the diet.  In fact most people who attempt such diets end up heavier in the end.  This is all you can say about calories, and there’s nothing about this weight gain and loss that’s healthy.

Dangers of Non-Sugar Sweeteners

Alternative sweeteners like aspartame and HFCS have so many health concerns or suspected health concerns associated with them, that I’m not even going to get into it here.  I’ve written some posts about these, and you can find lots of other things by searching the Internet.

In particular both of these are suspected of being behind the current world wide obesity epidemic, and are both suspected or known carcinogens.

Age Limit for Buying Soft Drinks?

Not to be left out here are of course the tobacco and alcohol lobbies.

To begin with the tobacco lobby does not want any legal competition with their products.  This is the reason they were and are behind things like prohibition, worldwide drug wars and age limits that ensure young people grow up with a period of time where tobacco is the only legal drug available.  It’s pretty logical they would like to see sugar less available, because craving it could also make using tobacco more attractive.

More importantly the tobacco industry wants to see the culture of enforced age limits, as a way of making their products seem safer.  After all if we have age limits for everything from alcohol to tanning salons, and tobacco has a relatively low limit, it makes tobacco products seem safer and more normal to young people.  In fact there are few more lethal products worldwide than tobacco.

Alcohol follows closely behind tobacco, because if you’re addicted to tobacco, you’re much more likely to consume larger amounts of alcohol.

What is it about elections in the US that brings together such powerful political lobbies in such intrusive ways?

Alternatives?

How about some alternatives to a sugar tax:

Prohibition of soft drink and candy vending machines in schools, except for products containing 100% fruit, ordinary sugar, water or other completely natural ingredients.

Prohibition of sponsorship or promotion of processed foods, in a similar way promotion of tobacco products is prohibited in many places now.

Prohibition or tax on HFCS and aspartame.

A tax in the US on saturated fat, like in Denmark and Hungary.

End subsidies on corn, HFCS and ethanol.

A levy on brand name soft drinks, in a similar way brand name cigarettes are priced higher in the US.

Anyone have other suggestions?

I received an email about this in French and German that had some wrong information, and then found the opinion had only been issued by the EU Court of Justice in Spanish, German, Estonian, Greek, French, Italian, Latvian, Dutch, Portuguese and Finnish — not English.  I was also not very familiar with this case, not familiar with how the EU Court of Justice works, and not very good with legal things in general.  I was struggling to sort this all out with Google Translate.

Anyway, thanks mostly to an email exchange with Ben of The Real Seed Catalogue, who is a lot more familiar with this subject in general, I have some more information to share.

Not Binding, But Very Important

First of all, what exactly is an Advocate-General or in some places called the Attorney General?

The EU Court of Justice is made up of 27 judges from each of the EU countries, and 8 Advocate-Generals.  According to Wikipedia:

…The intention behind having Advocate-General attached is to provide independent and impartial opinions concerning the Court’s cases. Unlike the Court’s judgements, the written opinions of the Advocates-General are the works of a single author and are consequently generally more readable and deal with the legal issues more comprehensively than the Court, which is limited to the particular matters at hand. The AGs opinions are advisory and do not bind the Court, but they are nonetheless very influential and are followed in the majority of cases…

So the opinion that came out concerning Kokopelli is not binding but very important.  It has the possibility to greatly influence the future of EU Seed Law.  As I understand it, it was requested by Kokopelli’s lawyer as part of their trial in France.

It’s also important to point out this Advocate-General might change her mind, or another Advocate-General might issue a conflicting opinion.  Nothing is certain.

It’s also important to understand that this opinion was issued at the EU level, so has the possibility to influence similar court cases across Europe.

What Was in the Opinion

What the opinion said was very important.  It addressed specifically the part of EU and related French Seed Law that requires food crop varieties be categorized according to so-called DUS (Distinct, Uniform and Stable) criteria, and then listed in official seed lists.  The opinion specifically excluded all other parts of EU Seed Law.  It has to be said that this is certainly the most contentious part of the law.

What’s currently being discussed by the EU Agriculture Ministers, NGOs and others like me, is if a good fix for the current law would be to simply make listing varieties optional and legalize unlisted varieties.  While this seems to be favored by the Agricultural Ministers, most of us in opposition don’t agree this is a real solution.  As long as there are lists of varieties categorized by DUS, these will always be in competition to farmers and others who grow and sell unlisted varieties.  Unlisted varieties in this case will become second class, a situation similar to the US and Canada.  It was of particular interest how this was addressed in the Advocate-General’s opinion.

First of all the Advocate-General said it is not legal to interpret EU or French Seed Laws as meaning you cannot sell unlisted varieties.  YOU ARE ALLOWED TO SELL UNLISTED VARIETIES.

Secondly, the provisions of EU Seed Law that refer to the DUS standard are NOT VALID.

The Advocate-General then went on to use very strong language to back up this opinion; biodiversity, the principle of proportionality, freedom of enterprise within the meaning of Article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights European Union, free movement of goods within the meaning of Article 34, principle of equal treatment within the meaning of Article 20, restriction of consumer choice.  She really seemed to have a good understanding of the issues at hand, at least from the point of view of agriculture and biodiversity.  She addressed many of the issues from multiple points of view.

This is potentially a very important ruling.  A big thanks is due to Kokopelli’s lawyer who argued this case, Blanche Magarinos-Rey.

Yesterday an EU Advocate-General sided with French seed organization Kokopelli on the provision in EU law prohibiting the sale of unregistered varieties.

In reference to EU seed laws and related French regulations, the Advocate-General said they

“violate the principle of proportionality, free enterprise, free movement of goods, and the principle of non discrimination.”

The Advocate-General said the official seed catalog has

“nothing to do with plant health”

and

“it is up to farmers to decide which varieties they grow”

the Advocate-General added

“the fact that farmers are confined to the listed varieties greatly reduces genetic diversity in European fields.”

Unfortunately the original opinion was written in German, and as of the time of this post had not yet been translated into English.  You can read the opinion in a variety of non-English languages here.

Almost all of Kokopelli’s arguments were upheld, and most of the opposition’s arguments were not.

This is a sort of administrative post I guess.  First of all, Happy New Year to everyone.  I can’t possibly send email greetings to everyone I know any more, there are just too many of you, so I’ll assume if you’re a reader of this blog, you’ll hear it from me here.

Blogroll

The second thing is you may have noticed my blogroll disappeared again.  If you’ve been following this blog for a while, you’ll notice every once in a while I delete or completely rearrange it.

The problem is basically this.  As a blogger I really put a lot of value in operating independently, speaking my own mind and not having any commercial influences.  The reality is however, as free of commercial influences as I am, I’m hugely dependent on Google and other search engines for a large portion of my readership.  Most people first encounter this blog in search engine results, and sometimes go on to become a regular reader.  The more visible I am in search engine results, the more seriously people take this blog and the more it becomes a familiar name to them.

Search engines like Google count links and value of links when it decides how important a site is.  If Google thinks I’m an important site, then when I link somewhere else it thinks this is unusually important too.  In this way I am able to help other bloggers or websites improve their position in Google, and I see this as an important part of what I do.  We all want to help make one another important.  We all want what we feel is important to be more visible to others.

Unfortunately, all this ‘link love’ comes at a price.  If I put up too many links, especially in my blogroll, search engines notice this and deduct ‘points’ from me.  If you’re a smaller and less known site or if you have too many links yourself especially of a commercial nature, Google probably thinks you’re a low valued site, wonders why I’m linking to you and deducts even more points for my link to you.

Search Engine Optimization

I routinely do what’s called Search Engine Optimization or SEO.  I’ve written some posts about this before, and if you search on Google you will find them.  I make this blog more friendly for search engines.

I changed to a new domain name recently, bifurcatedcarrots.eu and at the same time changed the structure of my site a little.  Part of the reason for doing this was SEO.

Anyway, it’s clear the next step in SEO is a blogroll cleanup.

I’ve removed the blogroll completely for now, and in the coming weeks and months I’ll be experimenting with returning some entries.  Unfortunately, the entries most likely to come back are those of well established websites!  It’s not that I’m too special to include links to smaller sites, or I prefer the big ones.  In fact the opposite is true.  I usually think the smaller more personal sites are more interesting to read, and I would prefer to promote them.

I’m sorry if I end up deleting your entry in my blogroll.  I’ll try to make up for it a bit by mentioning more blogs in posts.  To the extent I think I can within the guidelines of SEO, I’ll try to put back some of the entries over time.

As unfriendly and cold as this advice might seem, if you want to make it more likely I will put you in my blogroll, you need to do SEO yourself and get other bloggers to link to you first.  You have to become important, before I can help make you important!  If you have any questions about this, please send an email and I’ll try to offer some more suggestions specific to your situation.

What’s the reason for this blog?

Since you asked, let me try to explain…

My community garden, called ‘Vlijtigveld’ (meaning busy or diligent field), has a racist and not very smart management.  The name really says it all, almost in a comical way.  What’s an organic gardener like me doing trying to have a lazy no-dig garden, with mulch to control weeds, in a place where we’re all supposed to be working hard??

Anyway, for 4 years now I’ve been trying to ignore the fact the management doesn’t recognize any gardening technique that’s not heavily reliant on sprays or chemical fertilizers, or any gardener that doesn’t control weeds by killing them with chemical warfare or pulling them out one at a time.

I’ve also been trying to ignore the garden management as they walk around telling any one who’ll listen about how they don’t let in any more Turkish gardeners, or how 60% of the gardeners have to be Dutch or the foreigners will get voting rights.  It’s us against them, don’t you know!  In this time I’ve been pretending not to notice our perimeter security fence, designed with a weak side, meaning whenever there is a break-in and a garden is vandalized, it will almost certainly belong to a Muslim gardener.

Literally, all our gardens are assigned based on ethnic origin, and the layout of the complex is planned on this basis.  Because the management doesn’t want any of us teaming up against them, they avoid assigning friends adjacent gardens, and try to promote friction by assigning nearby gardens to people of conflicting ethnic origins.

Anyway, as we can all imagine, this isn’t working very well.  It’s not working because it’s as much comical as anything else.  The gardeners are all mostly getting along and becoming friends.  The management has mostly lost the respect of everyone, Dutch and foreign.  This has recently prompted a great deal of hostility from the management, gardeners are now frequently harassed by the management and often threatened with the loss of their gardens.  Our drinking water was recently cut off!  You’d think it was war.

So, I really don’t have the time or inclination to try to solve all the problems of our community gardens.  I have no desire to join the management and try to ‘fix it’ from within.  Other than a little passive aggressiveness, I’ve really been trying to keep my head down.

I want the other gardeners to get together and decide what kind of community gardens they want to have, work for it themselves, possibly with my help.  To that end, I decided to start a blog to provide the gardeners, as well as anyone else with an interest in Vlijtigveld more information.  As well as information it will have the views of myself, the sole American gardener.  I think mostly the blog will have a lot of detailed information about how the rules are constructed, and how Dutch law might provide some help.  I’ve exchanged some letters with the garden management, and I intend to publish these.  It’s probably not going to make a lot of sense to most readers, but if you’re interested you’re welcome!

Luck was with me when I went searching for a domain name for this new blog.  ‘Their’ domain name, vlijtigveld.nl was not in use and available for registration, so this blog is at http://vlijtigveld.nl  The management are not really Internet people, so it may be some time before they notice the existence of the blog…

If you’re in the area, please come by!  Entrance is free.

If you’re able to sponsor a stand or presentation on either day, please get in touch!  You can either contact me, and I will put you in touch with the right person, or you can contact them directly via their websites.  There is no cost to sponsor a stand.  You can either give seeds and plants away at no cost, or you can sell them.  You can also run an information only stand.

Supposedly, Europe is going in a different direction, but I’m not sure that really means anything.  Now the routine feeding of antibiotics as a growth stimulant is forbidden, but all that means is farmers have to say it’s necessary for something else, and can continue to use them.  Maybe all routine use will be prohibited, but this is far from a done deal.

This time they assure us no one could possibly object to the trial.  They say they will remove the tassels before the plants produce pollen so contamination of the nearby environment won’t be possible.  They also say there will be no business interests, it will only be a project of the university.  Hm, I wonder if the university has any business connections itself…

An important message from the organizers of the resistance:

[EN] Hello,

Yesterday we learned that the VIB is requesting authorisation for a field trial for GM maize in Wetteren. This crop would be launched in a three year open field trial, from 2012 on. A public consultation is organised which is open till 21 January.

It’s very important to respond individually to this consultation by using the special form for this purpose.

Below you find links to useful documents, press articles and a dossier that aims to develop some arguments on this case.

http://fieldliberation.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/rough-reader-on-the-new-vib-maize-crop.pdf

The pdf is just a personal summary of some facts and possible context around that sudden new field trial. To be used freely, as extra inspiration for replying at the inquiry, for an article, an action, or a campaign…

For more information see their website.

See here to respond to the consultation, but be aware as of the time of this post, the English language form wasn’t available.  Keep trying!  Let’s send some web traffic their way and let them know we’re eager, even before the form becomes available.

Margarida of the Portuguese Seed Savers recently sent an email to a mailing list I’m on, telling everyone about the visit to their country by the founders of the Australian Seedsavers. One of the coordinators of the Australian organization is Kate, known to some of you because she has a blog and visited some of us in Europe too.

Anyway, the Australian Seedsavers met more than 400 people in Portugal. They visited food gardens at several locations and taught workshops on collecting and saving seeds, traditional plant varieties, edible seeds, permaculture, activism and kitchen gardens in schools.

You can read more about this in Portuguese here, or in English here.

I first wrote about this cauliflower 6 years ago.  Bayu who lives in Indonesia left a comment asking if I had any spare seeds I would send for free, but I don’t have these any more.  Does anyone have some seeds, or would like to buy some seeds, and send them to Indonesia for free?  If so, please let me know and I’ll forward the email address.

These are pretty ordinary seeds.  If you live in the US, they are available for example at Baker Creek.  There are similar varieties with different names, so if you have something that looks the same it probably is.

I was looking around for other films made by Ella von der Haide, the same person who made Resilient Seed the film about our Brussels action last spring, and I came across this.  What a find!  This is a really interesting look into Community Gardens in South Africa, and the sorts of problems they face.

Thanks to Mike who mentioned these videos in a comment on my last post.  These videos are of Dan Jason of Salt Spring Seeds and The Plant Sanctuary for Canada, and Owen Bridge of Annapolis Valley Seeds, representing Canada’s two coasts at a Seedy Sunday event from earlier this year.

It’s really a great example on how in different parts of the world we have slightly different battles and laws, but in the end our overall problems and goals are the same.  Here is Europe we are fighting the battle of legalizing seed saving, but in North America they’re not only fighting to keep seed saving legal, but also facing the real prospect of aggressive police action if they are unsuccessful.

Recently some laws were changed in Canada and other parts of the world like Europe to protect the pharmaceutical industry from the competition of natural foods and herbal remedies.  This resulted in raids in Canada where unlicensed vitamins were confiscated by swat teams at gunpoint.  It’s very possible heirloom seed companies will one day see their stocks of seeds confiscated in the same way.

We all need to act locally and think globally.  We should grow seeds in our own gardens that are locally obtained and suitable for our local climate, but we shouldn’t forget seeds can be obtained elsewhere if necessary.  In the same way, we should be fighting our own battles locally, but not forgetting there’s a whole world out there with other people fighting the same battle.

This is the English version, and they’ve promised to make versions in other languages as time permits.  Especially as someone who participated, it’s really nice to watch the film and think back on a great weekend, with great people, that so many worked so hard to organize.

Untitled from sab inee on Vimeo.

School children’s tastes have since evolved, and now pizza is the new hamburger.  With evolving foods comes the need to update laws.  In order to keep up with the times, the US congress declared pizza a vegetable because it has tomato paste on it.  This measure in congress was necessary in order to override the USDA’s advice to the contrary.

So what else comes with the tomato paste in school lunch pizza?  Courtesy of Kristin Wartman’s article on Grist, here’s a list of ingredients in ConAgra’s “traditional 4×6 school pizza”:

CRUST: (Enriched wheat flour (bleached wheat flour, malted barley flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), water, soybean oil, dextrose, baking powder (sodium bicarbonate, sodium aluminum sulfate, cornstarch, monocalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate), yeasts (yeast, starch, sorbitan monostearate, ascorbic acid), salt, dough conditioners (wheat flour, salt, soy oil, L-cysteine, ascorbic acid, fungal enzyme), wheat gluten, soy flour).

SAUCE: (water, tomato paste (31 percent NTSS), pizza seasoning (salt, sugar, spices, dehydrated onion, guar and xanthan gum, garlic powder, potassium sorbate, citric acid, tricalcium phophate and soybean oil (prevent caking)), modified food starch).

SHREDDED MOZZARELLA CHEESE: (Pasteurized part skim milk, cheese cultures, salt, enzymes).

SHREDDED MOZZARELLA CHEESE SUBSTITUTE: (Water, oil (soybean oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil with citric acid), casein, milk protein concentrate, modified food starch, contains 2 percent or less of the following: sodium aluminum phosphate, salt, lactic acid, mozzarella cheese type flavor (cheese (milk, culture, rennet, salt), milk solids, disodium phosphate), disodium phosphate, sorbic acid, nutrient blend (magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium pantothenate, riboflavin and vitamin B-12), vitamin A palmitate).

That looks like a vegetable to me!  It’s that ‘nutrient blend’ in the shredded mozzarella cheese substitute that makes all the difference.

Lizz Winstead at the Guardian also wrote a piece on this.